A prospective, randomized clinical trial of antiretroviral therapies on carotid wall thickness

Citation: Stein JH, Ribaudo, HJ, Hodis, HN, Brown TT, Tran TTT, Yan M, Lauer-Brodell E, Kelesidis T, McComsey GA, Dubé, MP, Murphy RL, Currier, JS. A prospective, randomized clinical trial of antiretroviral therapies on carotid wall thickness. AIDS. 2015 Sep 10;29(14):1775-83. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000762. PMID: 26372383. PMCID: PMC4571277 

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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=A+Prospective%2C+Randomized+Clinical+Trial+of+Antiretroviral+Therapies+on+Carotid+Wall+Thickness%3A

OBJECTIVE: This article compares the effects of initiating three contemporary antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens on progression of carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) over 3 years.

DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial.

SETTING: Multicenter (26 institutions).

PATIENTS: ART-naive HIV-infected individuals (n = 328) without known cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus.

INTERVENTION: Random assignment to tenofovir/emtricitabine along with atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r), darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r), or raltegravir (RAL).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Right-sided carotid IMT was evaluated by B-mode ultrasonography before ART initiation, and then after 48, 96, and 144 weeks. Comparisons of yearly rates of change in carotid IMT used mixed-effects linear regression models that permitted not only evaluation of the effects of ART on carotid IMT progression but also how ART-associated changes in traditional risk factors, bilirubin, and markers of HIV infection were associated carotid IMT progression.

RESULTS: HIV-1 RNA suppression rates were high in all arms (>85%) over 144 weeks. Modest increases in triglycerides and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were observed in the protease inhibitor-containing arms compared with decreases with RAL. In contrast, carotid IMT progressed more slowly on ATV/r [8.2, 95% confidence interval (5.6, 10.8) μm/year] than DRV/r [12.9 (10.3, 15.5) μm/year, P = 0.013]; changes with RAL were intermediate [10.7 (9.2, 12.2) μm/year, P = 0.15 vs. ATV/r; P = 0.31 vs. DRV/r]. Bilirubin and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels appeared to influence carotid IMT progression rates.

CONCLUSION: In ART-naive HIV-infected individuals at low cardiovascular disease risk, carotid IMT progressed more slowly in participants initiating ATV/r than those initiating DRV/r, with intermediate changes associated with RAL. This effect may be due, in part, to hyperbilirubinemia.

AIDS. 2015;29(14):1775-83

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